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Consider the sentence:

"If it doesn't agree with the experiment, it's wrong."

The conditional construction in this statement is best interpreted as:
The text develops a historical account from ancient theories of vision to contemporary quantum physics. Throughout this progression, the author repeatedly presents explanatory models, introduces observations or experiments that expose their limitations, and shows how later proposals respond to unresolved problems. Considering this pattern of textual construction, the predominant organizational strategy is:
Read the excerpt below:

"Both theories, however, were incomplete. Huygens'wave theory struggled to fully explain why light travels ina straight path, and Newton's particle theory couldn'taccount for diffraction, the spreading of light as it passesaround edges or through narrow openings."

Considering the role of this passage in the developmentof the text's argument, it primarily:
In the section entitled "Resurgence of particle theory (1900 1923)", the author writes:

"By the 1890s, Maxwell's mathematical description of electromagnetic waves was considered so successful, particularly for its predictive power, that many physicists believed the fundamental nature of light was fully understood. But in the early 20th century, experimental discoveries began to challenge this consensus."

In this context, the discourse marker "But" contributes to the progression of the argument by:
Read the sentence below:

"He then placed a thin obstacle, such as a hair or a narrow strip, across the beam, splitting it into two waves that spread out and overlapped."

In the sentence, the pronoun "it" and the relative pronoun "that" refer, respectively, to: